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style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">布尔运算</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">集合运算</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在几何造型中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">由简单形状物体</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">通常叫体素</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构造复杂形状物体时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">必须用到集合论</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">实体造型技术是建立在集合论的基础上的</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">集合表示任何有明确定义的事物的组合</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">属于一个集合的事物是它的元素或成员</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在几何造型中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">实体或其它几何体的基本元素都是点</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以某种方式来合并两个或更多个集合中的元素可以形成新的集合</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">约定集合</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US">B </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">构造第三个集合</span><span lang="EN-US">C </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其中的元素是所有在</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">中的元素和所有在</span><span lang="EN-US">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">中的元素</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">则</span><span lang="EN-US">C=A B C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">称为集合</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的并集</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如果构造一个集合</span><span lang="EN-US">D </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">其元素是</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US">B</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的公共元素</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">则</span><span lang="EN-US">D=A B </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">集合</span><span lang="EN-US">D</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">叫做</span><span lang="EN-US">A B</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的交集</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">最后</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如果</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是集合</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">则</span><span lang="EN-US">A B</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">表示在</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">中但不在</span><span lang="EN-US">B</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中的元素的集合</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">就几何造型而言</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">由点组成集合</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这些点就定义了笔者所考察的一定维数的欧几里德空间</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">集合论就为这些点提供了运算方法</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">布尔运算</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在此笔者讨论如何用这些概念使得更复杂的形状可由简单的形状生成</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为此</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">笔者将运用集合运算符</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">并</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">交</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和差</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这些布尔运算符的应用与组合规则</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">称为布尔代数</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">布尔运算可将两个物体的模型组合起来</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而建立一个合成后物体的新模型</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">它们为建立复杂的实体模型提供了一种极为有利的手段</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">它们的基本运算符与集合运算的并</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">差</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">交相同设有两个物体都部分地占据同一空间</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">通过布尔运算可将它们合并为一个新的物体取而代之</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">差集运算后形成的物体占据第一个物体原有的全部空间</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">但第二个物体所占据的那部分空间除外</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">差在许多实体造型系统中也称作相减</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">并集后形成的物体占据了两个物体原来所占据的全部空间</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">交集后形成的物体只占据了原来两个物体所共同占据的空间</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">由此可以看出</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">布尔运算是生成和修改复杂实体模型的一种有效方法</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">尤其是它对某一存在的实体进行修改的能力是我们对数控加工进行仿真的基础</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在将实体造型技术用于仿真的过程中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">难点就是布尔运算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">因为要模拟刀具切削</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">验证加工轨迹</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">就要把刀具切削毛坯看成是执行布尔差运算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">连续的差运算生成物体即为刀具切削毛坯后的工件</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这样可通过在工件模型上减去刀具扫描体而完成仿真和验证工作</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">二</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">毛坯模型的离散</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">车削加工时通常是棒料毛坯</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">设其直径为</span><span lang="EN-US">D </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">长度为</span><span lang="EN-US">L </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在实现仿真过程时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">笔者首先将毛坯离散成许多单元体</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">单元体的数目依据加工精度而定</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">下面以切外圆为例</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对实现仿真切削过程的方法加以简单介绍</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在符合精度要求下将毛坯离散</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">本系统是将其延</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">轴离散成</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">个小单元体</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">假设毛坯的直径为</span><span lang="EN-US">D </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">长度为</span><span lang="EN-US">L</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">将小单元体的半径值初始化成毛坯的半径</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">读取数控代码或刀位文件传递的插补形式及坐标</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">假设起点</span><span lang="EN-US"> X0 Z0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">终点</span><span lang="EN-US"> X1 Z1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">4.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">根据起点</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">终点坐标的</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">值</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">确定毛坯的切削范围</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">即确定哪些单元体被切削</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">5.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z0 Z1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">范围内</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把车刀切削后对应的单元体的半径与</span><span lang="EN-US">D/2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">相比较</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如果前者小于后者</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">则将前者的值赋给小单元体半径</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如果前者大于后者</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">则小单元体的半径保持不变</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">6.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">利用</span><span lang="EN-US">OpenGL</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的双缓存</span><span lang="EN-US"> Double Buffer </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">技术</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">定时器技术</span><span lang="EN-US">Timer </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和界面更新技术</span><span lang="EN-US"> InvalidateRgn </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可获得平滑逼真的动画效果</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">三</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">车削碰撞</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">干涉检验</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">碰撞检验</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">碰撞的概念</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">R.K.Culley</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从时空的角度给出了发生碰撞的定义</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">即在某一个时刻</span><span lang="EN-US">t </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如果空间中位于</span><span lang="EN-US">L1 L2 Ln</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的</span><span lang="EN-US">n</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">个物体</span><span lang="EN-US">S1 S2Sn</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">存在一对或多对物体同时占据某块空间</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">那么就认为发生了碰撞</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">碰撞的发生就是两个物体在某一个时间点</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在某一个位置发生了体积的重合</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">当物体接触时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">每一个物体拥有维持物体本来物理状态的作用力</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">用于抵御外界产生的变形</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如摩擦力等</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从机械仿真的角度看</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可以划分为两个部分其一</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">碰撞检测</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">用来判断两个物体是否发生接触</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其二</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">碰撞反馈</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">用于描述物体发生接触后产生的反作用效果</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">笔者主要针对碰撞进行检测研究</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在虚拟现实中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">虚拟物体通过计算机被描述</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在内存中格式化的存储</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而并没有和实际的空间相联系</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在虚拟空间中没有任何东西可以阻止这些对象在同一时刻</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">占据同一个空间位置</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所以虚拟物体不可能像实物一样存在碰撞</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">只有通过模仿碰撞发生用算法表现</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">碰撞检验的算法</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在回转体工件加工过程中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">刀具类型的不同可能引起碰撞类型也有差别</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">主要分为两类</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一类是刀具与夹具的碰撞如外圆车刀</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">螺纹刀等</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">另一类是刀具与工件的碰撞</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如锉刀等</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在实际仿真加工过程中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">刀具实体与零件实体在进行复杂的布尔减运算时消耗了大量的计算机系统资源</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而与此同时碰撞仿真检测如果采用实体级的刀具</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">零件</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">夹具的布尔运算判断碰撞发生</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">虽然较为精确</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">但却是不可行的</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">它将会使计算机资源枯竭</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">运行速度将异常缓慢</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">无法达到快速仿真的目的</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">考虑到回转体零件的对称性</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在车内外圆</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">键孔</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">钻削和切断</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以及刀具快进</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">快退时的运动轨迹</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">近似都在刀尖顶点与零件轴线形成的二维平面上</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因此笔者采用基于固定时间段的碰撞检测方法</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在每隔</span><span lang="EN-US"> t</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">时间段末</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">刀具从</span><span lang="EN-US">L1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点移到</span><span lang="EN-US">L2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点构造刀尖顶点</span><span lang="EN-US">L2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">与零件轴线形成的加工平面</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分别与夹具体零件体和刀具体相交</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">构成三个切割平面</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">即夹具切面</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">零件切面和刀具切面</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">根据碰撞分类</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">选择判断刀具切面与零件切面或夹具切面是否相交</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">推断碰撞是否发生</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">干涉查验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">1 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">干涉查验的重要性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一般干涉是指在加工曲面时刀具切入了曲面上应该保存的有些</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">又称为啃切</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">干与现象所产生的结果</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">轻则影响加工外表的质量</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">损坏工件</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重则损坏机床设备</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主动干涉查看与处置功用是衡量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">GAD/CAM</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">体系中数控编程功用的一项重要象征</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">它不仅能查看出每个刀位是不是与零件夹具存在干与</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">碰撞</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">并且能经过抬刀</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">调整刀轴矢量来消除干涉</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主动生成一个无干涉的刀位轨道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">2 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">干涉查验的算法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">详细的干涉查看算法是在插值点将加工刀具的主偏角和副偏角与直线歪斜角度对比</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关于圆弧段概括</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">则与该插值点在圆弧概括的切线的歪斜角进行对比</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">并区别顺圆和逆圆两种状况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New 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现ＵＧ自动 编 程 中 车、铣、孔等操作的程序后处理，文 中 对 后处 理 创 建 从 初 始 化 运 动、运 动 前 设 置、机 床 运 动 前、… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2925.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>04</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="五轴加工中心后处理算法研究和验证" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2877.html" target="_blank">五轴加工中心后处理算法研究和验证</a></h4> <p>本文通过对五轴加工中心的三种类型的结构特点进行具体的运动分析，建立了数学模型推导出各类机床的后置处理算法。并通过UG NX进行建模并进行后处理与算法得到的后处理数据进行对比，证明了文中算法的正确性。通过所推导的数学公式得知，坐标的角度变换与转台的转动相关。所推导的数学模型为最基础… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2877.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>04</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="五轴刀具切削加工误差非线性插补" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2871.html" target="_blank">五轴刀具切削加工误差非线性插补</a></h4> <p>为了提高五轴加工中心的刀具加工精度，本文提出了五轴联动数控刀具切削加工误差非线性插补方法。根据五轴联动数控刀具工作原理，分析误差产生原因，利用误差非线性插补方法，实现误差插补。实验结果表明：利用该方法进行误差插补后，机床刀具运行轨迹与理想插补轨迹贴合度高，且插补后误差明显减小，可… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2871.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>04</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="五轴加工中心后处理器仿真与优化" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2864.html" target="_blank">五轴加工中心后处理器仿真与优化</a></h4> <p>随着五轴联动数控加工技术的广泛应用，文中针对五轴加工中心和五轴钻攻中心的后置处理器进行仿真分析，并提出一种以序列为基础的优化方法，优化后的后置处理器，可以使得数控加工节省时间百分比得到有效提升。虽然文中提出优化方法满足了预期要求，但受到研究条件的影响，该方法未来需要进一步完善。… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2864.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>04</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="立铣刀切削轨迹下五轴铣削力计算" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2859.html" target="_blank">立铣刀切削轨迹下五轴铣削力计算</a></h4> <p>面向铣削工艺参数优选技术的工程需求，以复杂零部件多轴数控铣削为背景，文中提出了一种通用立铣刀真实切削轨迹下的五轴铣削力计算方法。 （１）建立了可同时表征球头铣刀、圆环铣刀和平底铣刀的通用立铣刀几何模型，计算得到不同类型立铣刀的切削微元长度和切削宽度。 （２）提出了一种快速求解… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2859.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <!-- 内容列表结束 --> </div> <!-- 相关文章结束 --> <!-- 页底推荐图文产品开始 --> <hr 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