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"/images/banner/s5.jpg"; var randomBgIndex = Math.round( Math.random() * 4 ); //输出随机的背景图 document.write('<style>.banner{background:url(' + bodyBgs[randomBgIndex] + ') no-repeat 50% bottom}</style>'); //]]> </script> <section> <div class="banner" style="height:160px;"> </div> </section> <!-- 面包屑导航开始 --> <div class="container "> <nav class="sub_menu"> <ol class="breadcrumb"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span> <li><a href="/">网站首页</a></li> <li><a title="技术文章" href="/bethel/NC">技术文章</a></li> <li><a title="数控文章" href="/bethel/news">数控文章</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <!--/sub_menu--><!-- 面包屑导航结束 --> <!-- 页面标题开始 --> <div class="title"> <h3><a>CNC加工中心位置精度的检测和运用<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 页面标题结束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部开始 --> <div class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div class="lead" id="print"> <p> <span class="4060" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">随着我国经济的快速增长</span><span class="406" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">，</span><span class="4060" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">数控加工中心在机械制造行业 中的应用越来越广泛。位置精度是影响数控加工中心高精度的 主要因素</span><span class="406" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">，</span><span class="4060" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">也是产品在制造过程中精度保证的要素。因此对数 控加工中心位置精度的补偿和检测是提升工件加工质量的有效 方法。本文介绍了数控加工中心的位置精度的定义</span><span class="406" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">，</span><span class="4060" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">位置精度 的主要检测项目</span><span class="406" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">，</span><span class="4060" style="line-height: 14.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt; background-color: transparent;">通过加工中心的实验检测数据进行了详细的 分析。</span></p> <p class="21" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 14.15pt; background: transparent;"><span class="20">1数控加工中心的位置精度</span></p> <p class="1010" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm; line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span class="10185pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;">1</span></span><span class="1010pt"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">.1</span></span><span class="1010pt">数控加工中心位置精度的定义</span></p> <p class="4061" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span class="4060">数控加工中心的定位精度指的是设备各轴在伺服驱动控制 下坐标轴所能达到的目标位置的精确程度。设备各坐标轴的进 给是在伺服驱动的控制下实现的，各坐标轴在编程代码的控制下 所能达到的精度直接影响加工零件的精度。定位精度体现了坐 标轴在行程范围内任意定位点的定位稳定性。定位精度的高低 用定位误差的大小衡量。按国家标准规定</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">对数控加工中心的 定位精度采用统计检验的方法确定。</span></p> <p class="1010" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm; line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span class="10185pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;">1</span></span><span class="1010pt"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">.2</span></span><span class="1010pt">定位误差的统计检验方法</span></p> <p class="4061" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span class="4060">定位误差按其出现的规律可分为两大类：</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:37.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">系统性误差。误差的大小和方向保持不变</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">或是按一定 的规律变化。前者称为常值系统性误差</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">后者称为变值系统性 误差。</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:38.8pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">随机性误差。误差的大小和方向不规律地变化。</span></p> <p class="4061" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span class="4060">实际上两类性质的误差是同时存在的</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">引起这两类误差的 原因不同</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">解决的途径也不一样。</span></p> <p class="1010" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm; line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span class="1010pt"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">1.3</span></span><span class="1010pt">定位精度的确定</span></p> <p class="4061" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span class="4060">定位精度主要用以下三项指标表示：</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:38.8pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">定位精度</span></p> <p class="4061" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span class="4060">某点的定位误差为该点的平均位置偏差与该点误差分散范 围之半的和</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">即定位误差</span><span class="406Garamond"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt;">A</span></span><span class="4060">为：</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:32.3pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">= </span><span class="4060"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">- </span></span><span class="4060">+ 3〇</span><span class="406">■</span><span class="4060">(取绝对值较大的一个）</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:38.8pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">重复定位误差</span></p> <p class="4061" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span class="4060">误差的分散范围表示了移动部件在该点定位时的重复定位 精度</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">即重复定位误差</span><span class="406Garamond"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt;">R</span></span><span class="4060">为<sup>[1]</sup>:</span></p> <p><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" /> </span></i></p> <p class="4791" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:1.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:9.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span class="479TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8pt;">R</span></span><span class="4790"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="4790">= </span><span class="4799pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt;">6</span></span><span class="479TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8pt;">a</span></span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">反向差值</span></p> <p class="4061" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span class="4060">当移动部件从正</span><span class="406">、</span><span class="4060">反两个方向多次重复趋近某一点定位时， 正</span><span class="406">、</span><span class="4060">反两个方向的平均位置偏差是不相同的<sup>[2]</sup>。</span></p> <p class="21" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 14.15pt; background: transparent;"><span class="20">2机床位置精度的主要测量内容</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">直线运动位置精度；</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">直线运动反向间隙测定；</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(3)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">直线运动的原点返回精度；</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(4)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">回转运动定位精度；</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(5)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">回转轴原点的返回精度；</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(6)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">回转运动反向间隙测定。</span></p> <p class="21" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 14.15pt; background: transparent;"><span class="20">3立式加工中心</span><span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">GSVM</span></span><span class="20"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">9560</span></span><span class="20">检测实例</span></p> <p class="460" style="line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; background:transparent"><span class="468pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8pt;">3.1</span></span><span class="460pt">检测环境</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:40.25pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">在室温下</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">利用</span><span class="406Garamond"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt;">EC</span></span><span class="4060"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">10</span></span><span class="4060">环境补偿单元对温度进行补偿。 利用温度传感器把室温测出</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">把温度输人到补偿软件中</span><span class="406">,</span><span class="4060">并将其 补偿到20尤。</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:13.9pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">在密闭的空间环境下</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">数控设备和检测设备未受到温度</span><span class="4060">影响。</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:13.9pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(3)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">数控设备和检测设备在实验室内置放的时间已经超过</span><span class="4060"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">16</span></span><span class="406Garamond"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt;">h</span></span><span class="4060"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;">。</span></span></p> <p class="460" style="line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; background:transparent"><span class="4685pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;">3.2</span></span><span class="460pt">检测用的机床</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:39.45pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">机床在无负荷条件下空运转1小时</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">并给导轨添加润滑 油</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">主轴润滑</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">使机床运行平稳。</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:40.75pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="4060">在检测前</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">对机床已预调水平</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">无须进行调整。</span></p> <p class="460" style="line-height:14.15pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; background:transparent"><span class="4685pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;">3.3</span></span><span class="460pt">检测实例</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:13.9pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"><span class="4060"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;">对机械工程实验中心立式加工中心</span></span><span class="406Garamond"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt;">GSVM</span></span><span class="4060"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">9560</span></span><span class="4060"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;">进行检测， 实验数据及评定结果如表1所示。本次检测是根据国际标准进 行检测的。</span></span></p> <p class="21" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:0cm;line-height:14.4pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span class="20">4结论</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:13.9pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:41.5pt;background:transparent"> </p> <p class="4061" style="margin-bottom:13.15pt;text-align:justify;text-justify: inter-ideograph;text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.4pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span class="4060">在实际生产过程中</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">数控机床的机床的定位精度检测可能 有更复杂的情况</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">这就要求数控机床装调人员具有较广的知识 面</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">胆大心细</span><span class="406">,</span><span class="4060">有明确的目的和完整的思路</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">进行细致的操作</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">充 分运用数控机床装调知识</span><span class="406">，</span><span class="4060">进行数控机床位置精度检测和调整， 提高数控机床的加工精度。</span></p> <p class="4061" style="margin-bottom:13.15pt;text-align:justify;text-justify: inter-ideograph;text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.4pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"> </p> <p class="4061" style="margin-bottom:13.15pt;text-align:justify;text-justify: inter-ideograph;text-indent:20.0pt;line-height:14.4pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">本文由伯特利数控整理发表文章均来自网络仅供学习参考，转载请注明！</span></p></div> <div class="blank30"></div> <!-- tag --> <div class="blank10"></div> 标签： <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E6%95%B0%E6%8E%A7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>数控加工中心</a> <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=CNC%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>CNC加工中心</a> <!-- 分类 --> <div class="blank10"></div> 分类： <a href='/bethel/type/jnc/type-1.html' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <div class="blank30"></div> <!--自动调用自定义字段--> <div class="blank20"></div> <div class="blank30"></div> <!-- 投票 --> <script src="/index.php?case=vote&act=view&aid=1059"></script> <!-- 自定义表单开始 --> <!-- 自定义表单结束 --> <div class="blank60"></div> 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