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Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电火花成形加工的精度和表面质量</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">电火花成形加工时，由于工具电极和工件电极之间存在放电间隙，因此，加工后的孔或型腔的尺寸一定会稍大于电极的尺寸。由于放电间隙不恒定和工具电极的逐步损耗造成加工误差，如尺寸误差、形状误差。所以，要获得较高的精度，应使间隙较小，而且加工过程要稳定地保持间隙恒定</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">电火花加工后的表面质量是表面粗糙度及表层的化学成分和物理机械性能。表面粗糙度主要受单个脉冲能量大小的影响</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而表层的化学成分和物理机械性能与脉冲频率有关</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.96"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电火花成形加工的工艺特点和应用</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> W</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">适应性强，能够加工任何导电的硬脆、软韧及难切削材料，如淬硬钢和硬质合金。工具电极一般采用紫铜或石墨。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (Z)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工时无切削力。因此，可以加工一些难以加工的小孔、窄槽、薄壁件和各种特殊及复杂形状截面的型孔、型腔等，如加工形状复杂的注塑模、压铸模及锻模等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (3)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电脉冲参数可以任意调整，加工过程基本上没有热变形的影响。因此，一台电火花加工机床可以连续地进行粗加工、半精加工和精加工。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">15. 3</span><span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控电火花线切割加工</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控电火花线切割加工特点</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (1)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">适用于难切削材料的加工，可加工像聚晶金刚石、立方氮化硼一类的超硬材料。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可以加工特殊、低刚度、形状复杂的零件。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (3)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">易于实现加工过程自动化，易于数字控制、适应控制、智能化控制和无人操作等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (4)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">只能加工金属能导电材料</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控电火花线切割加工的分类、加工范围、工具电极及夹具</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 1)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控电火花线切割加工机床的分类</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (1)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">按走丝速度大小，可分为快走丝线切割机床、慢走丝线切割机床和混合式线切割机床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">快走丝线切割机床的加工效率比慢走丝机床高，加工精度和表面质量比慢走丝机床稍差，加工成本比慢走丝机床低。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">按加工精度的高低，可分为普通精度型及高精度精密型两大类线切割机床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">绝大多数慢走丝线切割机床属于高精度精密型机床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> z}</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控电火花线切割机床的加工范围</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> W</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加工模具，适用于各种形状的冲模。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工电火花成形加工使用的电极</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">(3)</span><span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工普通零件，还可以加工特殊难加工材料的零件、材料试验样件、各种型孔、特殊齿轮、样板、成形刀具、精密狭槽等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (4)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">贵重金属下料。线切割加工用的电极丝尺寸远小于切削刀具尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">最细的电极丝尺寸可达到</span><span lang="EN-US">0. 02 mm )</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，用它切割贵重金属，可节约很多切缝消耗。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 3)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工具电极</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">工具电极为细金属导线，材料为铜丝或钥丝，快走丝机床工具电极一般为钥丝。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控电火花线切割加工原理</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">线切割加工机床加工工件时，主要是利用移动的细金属导线，</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">铜丝或铝丝</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作为工具电极，根据事先编制好的程序按控制系统给出的轨迹指令运动，对工件进行脉冲火花放电，使工件切割成形。电火花线切割加工工件时，工件与电极丝分别连接电源的正负两极，两极间充满介质</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工作液</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，电极丝与工件之间进行脉冲火花放电，如图</span><span lang="EN-US">15. 4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所示</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">当来一个电脉冲时，将介质击穿，在电极丝和工件之间产生一次火花放电，并释放出大量能量，在放电通道的中心温度瞬时可高达</span><span lang="EN-US">3 000</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">℃一</span><span lang="EN-US">10 000</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">℃以上，高温使工件熔化，甚至有少量气化，高温也使电极丝和工件之间的工作液部分产生气化，这些气化后的工作液和金属蒸气迅速热膨胀，并具有爆炸的特性。这种热膨胀和局部爆炸，抛出熔化和气化的金属材料，在工件表面形成了一个电蚀坑，当不断高频率重复放电时，就可以实现对工件材料进行电蚀切割加工。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">火花放电不同于电弧放电，电弧放电常引起工件电极的烧伤。火花放电与电弧放电最主要的区别在于</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电弧放电为多次连续在同一处放电</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电弧放电的击穿电压低于火花放电的击穿电压</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电弧放电的蚀除量也少于火花放电</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 4.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控电火花线切割加工工件的一般步骤</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (1)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分析零件图纸，并根据图纸要求按照机床所能接受的一定格式的程序语言通过手工编程或软件自动编程的方式生成程序代码文件，即</span><span lang="EN-US">CNC</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数据文件。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数据输入或传输，将生成的程序代码文件输人到机床的数控系统中。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (3)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">校验程序的正确性。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (4)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">调整机床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (5)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安装工件和工具电极</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (6)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">根据预先设置的穿丝点、切人点和切割方向，调整电极丝与工件之间的相对位置，保证工件切割完整和机床安全。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 7)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">运行程序，加工工件。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:13.5pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-outline-level:1"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本文由</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> </span><b><u><span 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内容列表开始 --> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>11</span> <p>2024-12</p> </div> <h4><a title="U600S五轴加工中心视频" href="/bethel/video/show-3042.html" target="_blank">U600S五轴加工中心视频</a></h4> <p>此视频详细介绍了U600S高性能五轴加工中心各种参数及说明！… <a href="/bethel/video/show-3042.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>05</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="六角亭五轴加工工艺" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2966.html" target="_blank">六角亭五轴加工工艺</a></h4> <p>本文以组合式六角亭模型为实例，分析工艺难点与加工可行性，指出该模型的加工难点是模型形状不规则和整体刚性差，并通过设计新的工艺方案解决加工难点，完成了模型整体的加工。新的加工工艺有助于提高加工效率和精度，为五轴数控加工提供了一个典型案例，对于五轴加工中心数控加工也具有指导作用和重要… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2966.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>05</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="自适应控制方法在混联五轴加工中心中的应用" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2965.html" target="_blank">自适应控制方法在混联五轴加工中心中的应用</a></h4> <p>宇匠数控 备注：为保证文章的完整度，本文核心内容由PDF格式显示，如未有显示请刷新或转换浏览器尝试，手机浏览可能无法正常使用！本文摘要：通过对混联五轴加工中心自适应深度学习控制方法的 研 究，可 知 此 方 法 的 创 新 之 处 在 于：１）建 立 了 机 床 的 运 动 学 … <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2965.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>05</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="五轴线性刀路的局部能量光顺和避免方法" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2960.html" target="_blank">五轴线性刀路的局部能量光顺和避免方法</a></h4> <p>宇匠数控 备注：为保证文章的完整度，本文核心内容由PDF格式显示，如未有显示请刷新或转换浏览器尝试，手机浏览可能无法正常使用！本文摘要：１）本文建立了基于转角向量和双弦弓高的局部能量光顺算法，该方法以刀心点光顺前后最大许用偏移量作为约束，通过计算拐角处微小线段局部能量最优解，可使… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2960.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div class="list-date"> <span>05</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="五轴加工中心和五轴钻攻中心在机测量探头补偿" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2959.html" target="_blank">五轴加工中心和五轴钻攻中心在机测量探头补</a></h4> <p>在机测量技术由于其成本低、检测效率高、无需二次装夹等优势被广泛用于零件加工测量当中，使得五轴加工中心和五轴钻攻中心，同时又兼具测量功能。在机测量系统的构成如图1所示，硬件部分主要是由高精度探头、信号接收器、机床整个本体，软件部分由机床控制系统、测量软件等组成[8]。待零件加工完成… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2959.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <!-- 内容列表结束 --> </div> <!-- 相关文章结束 --> <!-- 页底推荐图文产品开始 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 页面标题开始 --> <div class="title"> <h3 class="wow bounceInDown" data-wow-delay="0.5s"><a href="/bethel/cnc">产品中心<small></small></a></h3> <span>——</span> </div> <!-- 页面标题结束 --> <div class="container"> <div class="blank30"></div> <!-- 中部开始 --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-lg-3"> <p></p> <p><a title="" href="/bethel/cnc" class="content-bottom-list-more">Learn more</a></p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9 col-md-9 col-lg-9"> <div class="row"> <div class="post-masonry col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <a title="U260T五轴钻攻中心" href="/bethel/cnc/show_37.html" class="img-auto"> <img class="img-responsive" alt="U260T五轴钻攻中心" 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