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bodyBgs[3] = "/images/banner/s4.jpg"; bodyBgs[4] = "/images/banner/s5.jpg"; var randomBgIndex = Math.round( Math.random() * 4 ); //输出随机的背景图 document.write('<style>.banner{background:url(' + bodyBgs[randomBgIndex] + ') no-repeat 50% bottom}</style>'); //]]> </script> <section> <div class="banner" style="height:160px;"> </div> </section> <!-- 面包屑导航开始 --> <div class="container "> <nav class="sub_menu"> <ol class="breadcrumb"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span> <li><a href="/">网站首页</a></li> <li><a title="技术文章" href="/bethel/NC">技术文章</a></li> <li><a title="数控文章" href="/bethel/news">数控文章</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <!--/sub_menu--><!-- 面包屑导航结束 --> <!-- 页面标题开始 --> <div class="title"> <h3><a>加工中心立柱的静力分析<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 页面标题结束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部开始 --> <div class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div class="lead" id="print"> <p> 2加工中心立柱的静动态特性分析<br /> 机床的结构性能是保证机床具有一定的加工精度稳定性的基础，一台机床的基础结 构性能的好坏直接关系到其最终的加工精度、加工精度稳定性和切削效率等。为了提高 其结构性能，除了合理配置机床的部件型式外，首先要求在设计上要保证其结构有良好 的静动特性性能。当卧式加工中心处于工作状态时，会产生各种变载荷，导致机床产生 振动进而影响机床的精度和稳定性，这里首先对其静动态特性做相关分析。<br /> 立柱联系床身和主轴箱，处于加工中心的中间位置，对其质量、抗振性能和刚度等 结构性能要求较高。故本章主要以立柱为研究对象，对其进行静动态性能分析。对于加 工中心的其他部件如床身、主轴箱等，也可利用此节所述思路来分析和优化，这里不再 赘述。<br /> 2. 1加工中心立柱的静力分析<br /> 该卧式加工中心的立柱釆用整体铸造的形式，其在X方向的快速移动速度为 36m/min，竖直之后高1900mm、长890mm、宽794mm、顶板厚110mm、底板厚120mm， 左右侧壁厚度为155mm，重量为1400kg。<br /> 分析立柱与其他主要部件的关系，主轴箱通过四个滑块和直线导轨正挂在立柱之 上，并通过滚轴丝杠传递的动力沿直线导轨在Y向作上下运动。床身上也有两条直线导 轨，立柱底面通过导轨上的滑块与床身连接，可沿X轴方向左右移动。虚拟装配图和实 际装配图分别如图2.2-a与2.2-b所示。 -<br /> 结构的静力分析是指作用在结构上载荷是固定不变的，在这种情况下，进而计算结 构所受到的应力和产生的变形。当然，一个结构只有在非常理想的情况下才会受到固定 不变的载荷，这里将随时间变化很缓慢的载荷也看作是固定载荷。这样，在进行静力分 析时，除了约束载荷和重力载荷外，只需施加静力固定载荷<br /> 2.1.1加工中心的受力分析<br /> 加工中心的刀具通过对所加工的工件施加切削力进行切削过程，然后工件会对刀具 产生反作用力，刀具所受到的力通过刀柄、主轴和主轴箱（包括导轨上的四个滑块）传 递到立柱上。为了更好的模拟立柱的受力变形，工件对立柱的作用力应该利用力的等效 原则将力传递到立柱导轨上。根据高速卧式加工中心的受力特点，对其在钻孔和铣削两 种工况时的受力情况分别进行了分析。<br /> 对该工序加工内容进行分析可知，该工序主要完成缸体的铣面和钻孔工作（图2.3)， 铣刀和钻刀均为硬质合金刀具。这里利用切削力的功率估算方法对一把直径45mm,转 速400 r/min的铣刀进行铣削力计算。对于电主轴来说，其最大功率为30Kw,由于没有 齿轮传动功率耗散比较少，故令传动效率为0.98,则可得出实际切削效率为：<br /> pc = TJPE = 0.98x30 = 29AKw (2-1)<br /> 已知刀具直径和转速，进而得到切向切削力也即主切削力：<br /> 分析可知，当主轴箱位于立柱导轨行程的不同位置时，切削力的杠杆率也不同，会 导致立柱的变形量产生变化。这里取其在实际加工过程中（图2.4)最常用的工作位置， 即下滑块底面距离导轨地面600mm。<br /> 2. 1.2加工中心的静力分析<br /> 首先利用CAD建模软件Pro/E对立柱结构进行三维建模，由于模型结构较为复杂， 将对立柱性能分析影响较小的一些特征如小倒圆角、螺纹孔、小凸台等省略去，这能够 避免接下来的有限元网格划分过程中出现错误，且节省计算时间。<br /> 三维模型建完导入ANSYS分析软件中，对立柱进行材料属性定义（表2.1):<br /> 表2.1各部件的主要材料属性 Tab.2.1 Material properties of the parts</p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;mso-table-layout-alt:fixed;mso-table-overlap: never;mso-padding-alt:0cm .5pt 0cm .5pt"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:23.5pt;mso-height-rule: exactly"> <td width="66" style="width: 49.7pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 23.5pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:14.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:10.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">部件</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="75" style="width: 56.15pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 23.5pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:14.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:10.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">材料</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="140" style="width: 105.1pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 23.5pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:16.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">弹性模量</span><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">(N/m<sup>2</sup>)</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="84" style="width: 62.65pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 23.5pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:19.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:10.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">泊松比</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="144" style="width: 108pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 23.5pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:15.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">质量密度</span><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">(kg/m<sup>3</sup>)</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;height:16.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly"> <td width="66" style="width: 49.7pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 16.55pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:14.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:10.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">立柱</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="75" style="width: 56.15pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 16.55pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:9.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">HT250</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="140" style="width: 105.1pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 16.55pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent;mso-element:frame; mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height:78.25pt;mso-element-wrap: none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page; mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">1.38E+11</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="84" style="width: 62.65pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 16.55pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:19.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">0.156</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="144" style="width: 108pt; border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 16.55pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent;mso-element:frame; mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height:78.25pt;mso-element-wrap: none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page; mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">7.28E+03</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2;height:17.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly"> <td width="66" style="width: 49.7pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 17.75pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:9.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:10.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">主轴箱</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="75" style="width: 56.15pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 17.75pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:9.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">HT300</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="140" style="width: 105.1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 17.75pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent;mso-element:frame; mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height:78.25pt;mso-element-wrap: none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page; mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">1.57E+11</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="84" style="width: 62.65pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 17.75pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:19.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">0.270</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="144" style="width: 108pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 17.75pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent;mso-element:frame; mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height:78.25pt;mso-element-wrap: none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page; mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">7.25E+03</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:20.4pt;mso-height-rule: exactly"> <td width="66" style="width: 49.7pt; border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 20.4pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:14.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:10.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">主轴</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="75" style="width: 56.15pt; border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 20.4pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:9.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:10.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2105pt">轴承钢</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="140" style="width: 105.1pt; border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 20.4pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent;mso-element:frame; mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height:78.25pt;mso-element-wrap: none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page; mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">3.8E+11</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="84" style="width: 62.65pt; border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 20.4pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="margin-left:19.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height: 78.25pt;mso-element-wrap:none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">0300</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td width="144" style="width: 108pt; border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0.5pt; height: 20.4pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p class="20" align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent;mso-element:frame; mso-element-frame-width:381.6pt;mso-element-frame-height:78.25pt;mso-element-wrap: none;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page; mso-element-left:117.65pt;mso-element-top:271.45pt"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="2AngsanaUPC"><span lang="EN-US">7.82E+03</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>之后对结构进行网格划分。主轴箱与立柱的接触类型定义为bounded,对主轴施加 上小节计算出的切削力，对立柱与底座（床身）连接处的滑块位置以及与滚珠丝杠连接 处施加约束。</p></div> <div class="blank30"></div> <!-- tag --> <div class="blank10"></div> 标签： <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <!-- 分类 --> <div class="blank10"></div> 分类： <a href='/bethel/type/jnc/type-1.html' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <div class="blank30"></div> <!--自动调用自定义字段--> <div class="blank20"></div> <div class="blank30"></div> <!-- 投票 --> <script src="/index.php?case=vote&act=view&aid=1370"></script> <!-- 自定义表单开始 --> <!-- 自定义表单结束 --> <div class="blank60"></div> <!-- 上下页开始 --> <div id="page"> <strong>上一篇</strong><a 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