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style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">关于在全省职业学校建立和完善技能大赛制度的意见</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">提出要真正形成普通教育有高考</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">职业教育有技能大赛的新局面</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">以后每年的技能大赛必将如火如荼地进行数控车加工是全国发起最早</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">也是到目前发展得最为完善的技能大赛比赛项目之一</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">回顾过去几年的比赛试题</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">展望年</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">数控车加工中还是一些特殊曲线</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">如椭圆</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">抛物线</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">双曲线及变坐标曲线</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">是加工难点</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">结合这几年的研究结果与比赛经验</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我提出几点个人见解</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">套用编程模板</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">能使编程又快又准</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">曲线坐标系与工件坐标系的关系</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">首先要明确一点</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这里指的曲线坐标系与工件坐标系是相互平行的</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">即两坐标系间只存在水平和垂直两个方向的平移问题</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">并不存在旋转问题</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如下图</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201406/1403448252506.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">由于数控系统把平行于主轴的那根轴定义为</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">轴</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因此针对曲线方程要将其坐标进行转换</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">才能让编程者方便上手</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">也不会使编程出错</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如下图</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201406/14034482618135.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这是一段抛物线形状</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">其方程为</span><span lang="EN-US">x=0.1y2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这里的</span><span lang="EN-US">y</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应是工件坐标系的</span><span lang="EN-US">x </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而</span><span lang="EN-US">x</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应是工件坐标系的</span><span lang="EN-US">z </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因此方程应转化为</span><span lang="EN-US">z=0.1x2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这个地方编程者容易转化为</span><span lang="EN-US">x=0.1z2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这样一来加工出来的曲线形状就完全错误了</span><span lang="EN-US">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">套用模板</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">利用</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">模板</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">编程这里讲的</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">模板</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">只是一种编程的格式</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">只要编程者掌握了这种编程格式</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加以灵活运用</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">就能使编程速度大大提高即所有曲线编程时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点的坐标的采集都是来至曲线本身的坐标系</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">然后把曲线坐标系下的坐标通过原点坐标平移移至工件坐标系下即可</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如上图</span><span lang="EN-US">1 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个零件的右端面为一椭圆</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其曲线坐标系的原点为</span><span lang="EN-US">O </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如图所示</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">其坐标方程</span><span lang="EN-US">z2/202+x2/142=1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工件坐标系的编程零点为</span><span lang="EN-US">O </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如图所示</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">相对于曲线坐标系曲线</span><span lang="EN-US">Z </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向应从</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加工到</span><span lang="EN-US">-10 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">曲线坐标系的原点相对于工件坐标系的原点只沿</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">向平移</span><span lang="EN-US">-20 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这样一来其参考程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">利用宏程序进行编程</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">华中系统</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=20WHILE#1GE -10#2=14/20*SQRT 20*20 #1*#1G01X #2*2 Z #1 20 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">直径量编程要</span><span lang="EN-US">*2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">坐标平移这是关键</span><span lang="EN-US">#1=#1 0.1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">步距为</span><span lang="EN-US">0.1ENDW</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">又如图</span><span lang="EN-US">2 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中间是一段抛物线</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">转化后的方程为</span><span lang="EN-US">z=0.1x2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这段抛物线的原点</span><span lang="EN-US">O </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">相对于工件坐标系原点</span><span lang="EN-US">O</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不仅有</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向偏移而且有</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向的偏移</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这是难点之一</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">另外</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">编程者还容易出错的是自变量</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的加工范围</span><span lang="EN-US"> A B </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的确定上由</span><span lang="EN-US"> 32</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">可知</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点的</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向坐标为</span><span lang="EN-US">11 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">则</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点的</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向坐标为</span><span lang="EN-US">12.1,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所以</span><span lang="EN-US">O </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">相对于</span><span lang="EN-US">O</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">向距离为</span><span lang="EN-US">11.9,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这就是</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向偏移</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">则其自变量</span><span lang="EN-US"> z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加工范围是</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">相对于曲线坐标系</span><span lang="EN-US"> 12.1 23.1,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对吗</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">似乎没有任何问题</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其实我们忽略了一个很重要的问题</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加工方向</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">按照工艺分析</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这段抛物线应从左向右加工</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这样一来加工范围应是从</span><span lang="EN-US">-12.1 -23.1,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">因此这段抛物线的参考程序是</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">华中系统</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=-12.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">WHILE#1GE -23.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#2=SQRT 10*#1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G01X #2*2+10 Z #1-11.9 X</span><span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向偏移直径量</span><span lang="EN-US">,Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向偏移</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=#1-0.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">ENDW</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">有时有些实际曲线图上并没有标出</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">向的偏移</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">编程人员切不可误以为没有偏移</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">否则加工出来的曲线形状就是不对的</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如下图</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所示</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这个零件的中间是一段双曲线</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">由图</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可知</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向偏移了</span><span lang="EN-US">-34,X</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">向好像没有偏移</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">对吗</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">粗心的偏程者就这样认为</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就开始编程</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">通过机床一模拟发现形状不对</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一时陷入僵局</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">经过仔细核查</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">将</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">坐标</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">曲线坐标系</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">代入方程得</span><span lang="EN-US">13.416 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">远远大于</span><span lang="EN-US">10,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这就说明实际曲线位置相对于理论位置向上发生了偏移</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">偏移值应是</span><span lang="EN-US">6.832 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">直径量</span><span lang="EN-US"> ,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因此其参考程序</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201406/14034482734418.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=6</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">WHILE#1GE -6</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#2=SQRT 144+#1*#1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G01X #2*2-6.832 Z #1-34</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=#1-0.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">ENDW</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">二</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">倾斜椭圆的加工是技能比赛的一大亮点</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">随着技能大赛的深入进行</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一些较难曲线的加工也相继出现</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">斜椭圆加工就是这样应运而生的</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何为斜椭圆呢</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">就是椭圆坐标系相对于工件坐标系旋转了一定角度</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如下图</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201406/14034482867912.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这里的椭圆坐标系相对于工件坐标系旋转了</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">角</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">那么对于这样的曲线该如何加工呢我经过反复研究</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">借助高中数学坐标旋转公式</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">终于将其解决</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">具体解决过程如下设旋转前某点坐标为</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旋转后该点在新坐标系中的坐标为</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">则它们之间满足如下关系</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">按逆时针旋转</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">Z = ZCOS +XSIN0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">X = XCOS –ZSIN0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这儿存在两个疑问</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是坐标是按顺时针旋转</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">仍是按逆时针旋转</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">二是自变量是挑选斜坐标系仍是挑选旋转后的坐标系的坐标</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">且加工规模如何断定</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">依照习气一般依照逆时针旋转</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这样如上图所示实践旋转时应旋转</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">别的</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">图上所标尺度是工件坐标系下的尺度</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而自变量的选择却要取斜坐标系下的尺度</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为何呢</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">由于</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">只要斜坐标系下的坐标才满足椭圆规范方程</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这样使得核算与编程便利</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这样自变量加工规模的起点和结尾坐标一开始要经过逆旋转公式求出该点在斜坐标系下的坐标</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">公式如下</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">Z= Z <st1:place w:st="on">COS</st1:place> -X SIN0 </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">X= Z SIN +X COS0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如上图所示</span><span lang="EN-US"> A</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">点</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z X </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为</span><span lang="EN-US"> 4.45 11 =60 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">则顺时针旋转</span><span lang="EN-US">30 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因此将</span><span lang="EN-US">4.16</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">代入</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">式得</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">Z=4.45 <st1:place w:st="on">COS</st1:place> 60 +11 SIN60 =11.75</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所以</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">自变量加工范围</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在斜坐标系中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向起点为</span><span lang="EN-US">11.75</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">假如</span><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向终点为</span><span lang="EN-US">-2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">则其参考程序为</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">华中系统</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1 Z =11.75</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">WHILE#1GE -2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#2 X =10/18*SQRT 18*18-#1*#1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">椭圆旋转后是水平方向</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#3 Z =#1* COSPI/3-#2*SINPI/3 </span><span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">华中系统</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">只能用弧度制表示角度</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#4 X =#1*SINPI/3 + #2*</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">COSPI/3G01X -#4*2+80 Z #3 -13.59 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">负曲线</span><span lang="EN-US">X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向偏置</span><span lang="EN-US">, Z </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">向偏置</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=#1-0.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">ENDW</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">经过上机模拟以及实物加工</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">完全正确</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以上就是我在数控车加工教学过程中的一些经验和体会</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">欢迎同行批评指正</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:13.5pt; 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