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href='https://www.yujiangcnc.com/' target='_blank'>五轴加工中心</a>为研究对象开展现场检定试验。该机床采用主轴摆动与工作台回转的复合结构形式，配置A轴和C轴两个旋转轴，C轴回转范围为360°，定位精度标称值为8"，重复定位精度标称值为4"，数控系统采用FANUC 31i-B5。测量系统采用Renishaw XL-80激光干涉仪及XR20-W无线回转轴校准装置，数据采集与分析采用CARTO软件平台。试验环境温度稳定在(20±1)℃，相对湿度控制在45%～60%范围内。测量前机床空运行30min以达到热平衡状态，将数控系统中旋转轴的原有补偿参数清零，安装XR20-W校准装置于C轴工作台中心位置并找正，启动激光干涉仪预热15min后进行光路对准和环境参数设置。</p><p>2旋转轴检测试验</p><p>本次试验以C轴为主要检测对象，开展角度定位误差检测。测量方案依据上述方法设计，具体测量参数见表1。</p><p>表1 C轴角度定位误差测量参数</p><table><thead><tr class="firstRow"><th><p>测量行程</p></th><th><p>测量点数</p></th><th><p>角度间距</p></th><th><p>越程量</p></th><th><p>停留时间</p></th><th><p>稳定时间</p></th><th><p>重复次数</p></th><th><p>进给速度</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>0～360°</p></td><td><p>13</p></td><td><p>30°</p></td><td><p>5°</p></td><td><p>2s</p></td><td><p>0.5s</p></td><td><p>5</p></td><td><p>360°/min</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>测量时首先控制C轴正向运行至-5°位置作为起始越程点，随后以360°/min的进给速度依次正向运行至各目标位置并采集数据;正向测量完成后，C轴继续运行至365°作为反向越程点，随后负向返回依次采集各目标位置数据，上述正负向测量过程重复5次。</p><p>3误差补偿实施</p><p>根据测量数据，依据前述方法提取补偿参数，见表2。</p><p>表2 C轴角度定位误差补偿数据</p><table><thead><tr class="firstRow"><th><p>角度位置/(°)</p></th><th><p>0</p></th><th><p>30</p></th><th><p>60</p></th><th><p>90</p></th><th><p>120</p></th><th><p>150</p></th><th><p>180</p></th><th><p>210</p></th><th><p>240</p></th><th><p>270</p></th><th><p>300</p></th><th><p>330</p></th><th><p>360</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>补偿值/(")</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>3.2</p></td><td><p>4.6</p></td><td><p>5.1</p></td><td><p>3.8</p></td><td><p>1.5</p></td><td><p>-1.2</p></td><td><p>-2.4</p></td><td><p>-3.8</p></td><td><p>-4.2</p></td><td><p>-3.5</p></td><td><p>-2.1</p></td><td><p>-</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>进入FANUC 31i-B5系统的参数设置界面，定位至旋转轴补偿参数组;在螺距误差补偿表中，设置补偿轴为C轴，补偿起始位置为0°，补偿间距为30°，补偿点数为13个，依次输入各位置的补偿值。在反向间隙补偿参数中，输入C轴反向间隙值。参数设置完成后进行系统重启使补偿参数生效。</p><p>4补偿效果验证</p><p>补偿参数写入后，采用与补偿前相同的测量方案对C轴进行复测验证。补偿前后C轴角度定位误差曲线如图1所示。可明显看出，补偿后误差曲线的波动幅度减小，正向曲线与负向曲线基本重合，反向间隙得到有效消除。补偿后误差曲线整体围绕0值小幅波动，残余误差主要表现为随机性的测量噪声。</p><p><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17872842303861.png" title="17872842303861.png" alt="image.png"/></p><p>[图1 补偿前后C轴角度定位误差曲线]</p><p><br/></p><p>补偿前后C轴各项精度指标对比见表3。</p><p>表3 补偿前后C轴精度指标对比</p><table><thead><tr class="firstRow"><th><p>精度指标</p></th><th><p>双向定位精度/(")</p></th><th><p>单向定位精度(正向)/(")</p></th><th><p>单向定位精度(负向)/(")</p></th><th><p>双向重复定位精度/(")</p></th><th><p>单向重复(正向)/(")</p></th><th><p>单向重复(负向)/(")</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>补偿前</p></td><td><p>32.6</p></td><td><p>28.4</p></td><td><p>30.2</p></td><td><p>5.8</p></td><td><p>4.2</p></td><td><p>4.8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>补偿后</p></td><td><p>6.2</p></td><td><p>5.8</p></td><td><p>6</p></td><td><p>4.1</p></td><td><p>3.6</p></td><td><p>3.8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>改善幅度/%</p></td><td><p>80.98</p></td><td><p>79.58</p></td><td><p>80.13</p></td><td><p>29.31</p></td><td><p>14.29</p></td><td><p>20.83</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>通过表3发现，补偿后双向定位精度从32.6"提升至6.2"，精度提升80.98%;双向重复定位精度从5.8"提升至4.1"，精度提升29.31%。各项指标均优于机床标称精度，验证了本文所提检测与补偿方法的有效性。</p><p><br/></p></div> <div class="blank30"></div> <div class="blank30"></div> 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